population

Catalonia has a long history with immigration, welcoming foreigners from all over the world has left it with a cosmopolitan and multicultural nature. In more recent years, immigration has been well-documented by the Catalan Government and official statistics, which show various patterns. The first wave of people arriving in Catalonia, especially in the industrial capital of Barcelona, were domestic immigrants from within Spain, while later many came from South America and Northern Africa. The recent economic crisis caused a lull in these figures, but the number of foreign nationals from Asia and Europe (especially Italy and the UK) has increased over more recent years. Conscious of the need for sustainable co-living, Catalonia taken pains to accommodate its diverse population and the ACN spoke to several people about their experience moving to Barcelona.

Like many major European cities, Barcelona is ageing fast. In the years ahead the city must grapple with many of the problems associated with an increasingly top heavy demographic: as the over-65 population burgeons, health and social services are stretched, the financing of pensions is challenged, and a growing number of frail and vulnerable people face competing over declining resources. Today’s elderly cohort constitutes a greater proportion of Barcelona’s population than ever before, and, perhaps most worryingly, face an increased likelihood of living alone.  But all is not doom and gloom, as the city enjoys an active, dynamic and engaged elderly population, the health and social sector rises to meet the challenges, and the labour market benefits from what are known as the ‘super-grandmothers.’

There were 7,553,650 people living in Catalonia in January 2013, meaning 0.23% less than the same time last year, according to the Spanish Statistics Institute (INE). Out of this population, 1,158,472 people, which is to say 15.34 % came from other countries, including European Union Member States. This foreign population has decreased by 28,307 people, representing a 2.38% drop on 2012 figures. The latest INE data indicates that the average age of foreigners is well below that of Spanish natives. Consequently, the average age of all residents amounts to 41.50 years, while it reaches 43.19 for the Spanish-born population and drops to 32.19 for foreigners.

Catalonia loses 1,802 inhabitants in 2011. Last year’s figures represent the first decrease in population since the Spanish Civil War. There has been a natural growth of 2.9% but the migratory growth has been -3.2%, due to the economic slowdown.

Catalonia would have lost 60,000 residents by the end of 2011, according to the INE. For the first time in decades, Catalonia's population will fall this year. In the next ten years, Spain’s population would decrease by 1.2% if current demographic trends are maintained. At the end of 2010, Catalonia had 7,512,000 residents and Spain 47,021,000.

The study is funded by Catalan savings bank ‘la Caixa’ with data at Spanish-level. It reveals, contrary to xenophobic statements that immigrants bring more revenue to the state than the costs they generate. In addition, their presence also brings more services. “We came to the conclusion than the impact of immigration in the Welfare State is clearly positive”, states the coordinator of the study.

The drop is primarily in the male immigrant population, while the female population experienced a slight increase.

The Programme for Maternity Health’s birth registry has published data that shows that 30% of newborns in Catalonia have a mother with a foreign nationality. Also, 52% of teen births between 14 and 17 years old were of mothers from a foreign nationality.

In 2009 there have been 5% less births in Catalonia. The rate is at 11.65 for every 1,000 inhabitants, greater than the 10.73 for the Spanish average.